Quantity and quality of noise pollution are not known for people, maybe because it is not touchable like air, soil, and water pollution.
Part of this problem probably arises from its invisible nature and indirectly stems from the political and economic systems of society. However, it should be noted that getting used to one type of pollution is not preservative because it denotes the reduction of individual sensitivity thresholds and decreased physical and mental powers. Continuing noise pollution is not suitable for any of the organisms; Due to the adverse effects and consequences of noise pollution on humans and the environment. Noise control methods can be classified into several main groups:
- Utilization of technical-scientific equipment and facilities to eliminate or reduce the source of noise production, such as the construction of low-noise motor vehicles, the use of mufflers in construction machinery, etc.
- Utilizing the power of traffic science and urban transportation in the production, attraction, segregation, and allocation of intra-city trips, as well as the exact location of related facilities and equipment.
- Utilizing the art of architecture in determining the location of spaces, designing the building in-depth, creating broken buildings, creating closed and irregular facades, moving ancillary areas such as storage, parking, and garage to the street, retreating and lowering the roof of the building, low determination, And opening bags, making double glazed windows, using sound-reducing materials, and so on.
- Utilizing the deterrent power of laws and regulations due to the development of appropriate standards and regulations (such as the rules and regulations for reducing noise pollution in the United Kingdom in 1960).
- Public education and raising the level of the social culture of citizens in the use of radio, television, car horns, etc.
- Utilizing the power of physical planning knowledge
One of the most important ways to control noise pollution is to locate land uses. Location, which refers to locating, is choosing the right location for the elements, activities, and any urban land use. Suppose these spaces are not suitable, and their arrangement and distribution are not logical. In that case, it is natural for the city to face many problems, including noise pollution. Noise pollution can be locally controlled in two ways:
The desirability of the location of land uses: Depending on the sensitivity of land uses to noise, their location will be different. Meanwhile, land uses such as commercial and sports centers where the presence of noise does not affect their performance can be located on the sidewalk and sensitive land uses within the texture. In light of such a movement, a reasonable and appropriate establishment is possible from the point of view of immunity from noise pollution.
Compatibility or proximity of uses: Deployment of each user has different effects. From an environmental point of view, the best location for any user is a place that puts the slightest pressure on the environment. The user himself suffers minor damage as a result of the new installation. For this reason, applications that potentially generate noise pollution (such as sports centers, workshops, military, police, airports) should be located in places where their environmental impact on sensitive nearby uses such as residential, medical, educational is minimized.
Create a green space between the source and the receiver: Although sound itself may endanger plant growth, today it has been proven that trees and shrubs can be effective in reducing noise pollution. According to research from the University of Nebraska, scientists have found that the power of sound of different types of trees is not much different from each other. It is important that they are thin or dense. In addition, evergreen trees reduce noise evenly throughout the year, while deciduous trees are able to absorb sound as long as their leaves have not fallen. Better results have been obtained from the cultivation of tall trees as well as extensive and mass cultivation. Sound waves pass through hard surfaces such as rock, asphalt and cement faster, but soft surfaces such as grass or any other vegetation can make sound. Therefore, around noisy places, if trees and lawns are planted, the sounds will be significantly reduced.
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