To explain the importance of light in Iranian architecture, if we refer to its history;
In Iran, good and bad, the struggle between light and darkness has always been important and valuable.
The evolution of a mythical sense of Space always begins with understanding the difference between day and night and darkness and light. There was a battle of light and darkness in Kish Varzan (the religion of the ancient Iranians before Zoroastrianism), which has traces of them in the Median period.
The role of light in the Medes
Quoted from the book of Median history, written by Dolatabadi:
The Medes had six classes or six tribes, one of which was the Magi, and spiritual leaders were chosen from all over the Medes. As we will see, the Magi were greatly persecuted during the reign of Darius the Achaemenid, and many of them were killed. During the reigns of Darius and Xerxes, many Magi fled Iran and settled in Asia Minor. From what these historians write, it appears that the material magicians were Zarwani. Oedemus of Rhodes, who lived in the fourth century BC, writes:
Magi speaks of a creature that some call Space and time.
From the womb of this creature came the god of goodness and the evil demon, which some call light and darkness.
Mithraism
Mitra is one of the oldest Hindu deities and has been seen in India with her mate Verne, who manifests heavenly light. Mitra is a king, a warrior, and a symbol of enlightenment.
His light surpasses the sun, and when he rises, he sees the whole land of the Aryans. He is likened to a chariot with a wheel and four white horses; he is the god of light whose source is the sun.
The place of light in Iranian architecture
Due to the difference between day and night, sunlight affects the quality of Space and raises the issue of time. This makes the place of light in Iranian architecture important, and therefore in rituals in which the matter of time and sanctity. Light has been raised; we see beautiful, creative, and intelligent buildings. The most beautiful role of light in Iranian architecture has been created by recognizing the nature and characteristics of light and darkness in changing the quality of Space and introducing the fourth dimension in Space.
Light is sacred not only for nature but also for determining time. Light in architecture can be changed with different colors and effects. Because light has its face in different seasons and different climates.
Light in different climates
For example, in the tropics, the radiation is so intense that the shadows are so short that objects are visible to the viewer, vibrating and melting. Similarly, light in mountainous, forested, or coastal areas has spatial characteristics and is different from other areas.
The effect of light on Iranian architecture
With the presence of light in architecture and interior space, we have created a connection between the building and the external environment; thus, it is possible to create different effects of interior Space, each of which is of particular importance in terms of spatial perception. The presence of time and change in the quality of Space in Iranian architectural buildings is not possible only through movement in Space, Iranian architects have well understood the nature of light, for users to change the quality of Space without moving in Space and thus the issue of time in Space has been raised. There is creative thinking in some Iranian architectural buildings, using light and changing the qualities of thousands of color combinations in sash over time. A kind of connection and connection in Space, from floor to ceiling, is decorated with all sorts of tiles and leaves man immersed and immersed in an intermediate space.
The role of light in the architecture of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque
Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque is one of the most beautiful and irreplaceable examples of light in Iranian architecture, where the quality of Space changes beautifully over time. This mosque is one of the masterpieces of the Safavid period and is located in Isfahan. In this mosque, light from a window of trim over the dome house that modes throughout the day to create and since the turn sunlight during only a few of these holes shines, Space, The interior of the mosque, shows a different mood every hour of the day and night, and at the same time helps to determine the time. In this mosque, due to its special entrance, which passes through the semi-dark spaces and corridors to the Main Space, the light in the interior architecture gives it an exceptional state. Through the skylights of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, the mandala of the central core has been illuminated, and the sacred space has been separated from the earth.
The combination of water and light in Iranian architecture
The combined role of moisture and sunlight in Iranian architecture is vital as natural elements through which the quality of Space can be changed. Among the buildings designed on this basis, we can name the forty-column building. The symbolism of the sun has also entered the field of architecture in the form of architectural forms. An example of this symbolism can be seen in Qom Bazaar. This building was designed and executed by Master Hassan Qomi, one of the valuable works of Iranian architectural art. Master Hassan Qomi has created a unique atmosphere in Timcheh Bazaar, Qom, by using sunshades and symbolism that used the sunshine. The design and implementation of such a unique geometry have not been possible except through Iranian architects. In this Timcheh, the dome is of the sweatshirt type, and the cover under it is a sunshade with a formal and Yazidi style.
The importance of light in the architecture of Iranian markets
In Iranian markets, the importance of light in architecture and the subject of time, either through movement in Space based on the linear plan of continuous point ceilings and skylights or through large skylights with various decorations in places. Iranian bazaars with full and empty spaces have courtyards that, through the spatial hierarchy, invite the audience to the semi-dark Space of the rows.
Sanctifying light in architecture
Humans have cherished the sanctity of light in architecture in the form of various symbols and considered it necessary for the spirit of Space in the construction of their buildings and, through it, has given meaning to their spaces. Elements and objects cannot be seen without light, and distance becomes meaningless. The shadows and lights from the light make the form alive and dynamic and create various spaces together. It helps to create a spiritual and spiritual feeling in sacred spaces.
The role of light in Islamic architecture and art
Islamic art and architecture with various decorations combined with tiles, Islamic, bedding, and ،, creates countless colors and light shades in the Space that seeing this beautiful combination of colors requires the use of light in architecture. Using light in Iranian architecture alone is not enough to illuminate and create light shades with thousands of color combinations, but also countless colors in complex three-dimensional geometric surfaces such as bedding, tiling, moccasins, application, and… . Quality of Space They change places depending on the light emitted and make these places completely separate spaces. Light in Islamic architecture is not dazzling and gentle, as the order and harmony of the Space requires, invite the audience to peace and tranquility and create a sense of being in a sacred place within the audience. The sense of aesthetics and the high power of the architects of this land in recognizing the geometry, color composition, use of light in architecture, and recognizing the spatial nature of each place is unique and praiseworthy.
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